Russian Political Warfare Middle Eastern history For over a quarter century

For over a quarter century

and redemptive ways

and improved reporting guidelines

Of the 280-odd holders of the supreme office

Lee Manuel

Russian Political Warfare Middle Eastern history For over a quarter centuryThis collection of essays explores malign Russian influence operations that aimed to advance Moscow's strategic and tactical objectives in European countries as well as particular African states. These operations were conducted in the framework of Russia's anti Western political warfare and involved attempts to exploit divisive social issues, sow confusion and fear, encourage dissention and polarisation, undermine democratic institutions, and corrupt